为了以计算有效的方式部署深层模型，经常使用模型量化方法。此外，由于新的硬件支持混合的位算术操作，最近对混合精度量化（MPQ）的研究开始通过搜索网络中不同层和模块的优化位低宽，从而完全利用表示的能力。但是，先前的研究主要是在使用强化学习，神经体系结构搜索等的昂贵方案中搜索MPQ策略，或者简单地利用部分先验知识来进行位于刻度分配，这可能是有偏见和优势的。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新颖的随机量化量化（SDQ）方法，该方法可以在更灵活，更全球优化的空间中自动学习MPQ策略，并具有更平滑的梯度近似。特别是，可区分的位宽参数（DBP）被用作相邻位意选择之间随机量化的概率因素。在获取最佳MPQ策略之后，我们将进一步训练网络使用熵感知的bin正则化和知识蒸馏。我们广泛评估了不同硬件（GPU和FPGA）和数据集的多个网络的方法。 SDQ的表现优于所有最先进的混合或单个精度量化，甚至比较低的位置量化，甚至比各种重新网络和Mobilenet家族的全精度对应物更好，这表明了我们方法的有效性和优势。

Autonomous mobile agents such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and mobile robots have shown huge potential for improving human productivity. These mobile agents require low power/energy consumption to have a long lifespan since they are usually powered by batteries. These agents also need to adapt to changing/dynamic environments, especially when deployed in far or dangerous locations, thus requiring efficient online learning capabilities. These requirements can be fulfilled by employing Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) since SNNs offer low power/energy consumption due to sparse computations and efficient online learning due to bio-inspired learning mechanisms. However, a methodology is still required to employ appropriate SNN models on autonomous mobile agents. Towards this, we propose a Mantis methodology to systematically employ SNNs on autonomous mobile agents to enable energy-efficient processing and adaptive capabilities in dynamic environments. The key ideas of our Mantis include the optimization of SNN operations, the employment of a bio-plausible online learning mechanism, and the SNN model selection. The experimental results demonstrate that our methodology maintains high accuracy with a significantly smaller memory footprint and energy consumption (i.e., 3.32x memory reduction and 2.9x energy saving for an SNN model with 8-bit weights) compared to the baseline network with 32-bit weights. In this manner, our Mantis enables the employment of SNNs for resource- and energy-constrained mobile agents.

Non-invasive prostate cancer detection from MRI has the potential to revolutionize patient care by providing early detection of clinically-significant disease (ISUP grade group >= 2), but has thus far shown limited positive predictive value. To address this, we present an MRI-based deep learning method for predicting clinically significant prostate cancer applicable to a patient population with subsequent ground truth biopsy results ranging from benign pathology to ISUP grade group~5. Specifically, we demonstrate that mixed supervision via diverse histopathological ground truth improves classification performance despite the cost of reduced concordance with image-based segmentation. That is, where prior approaches have utilized pathology results as ground truth derived from targeted biopsies and whole-mount prostatectomy to strongly supervise the localization of clinically significant cancer, our approach also utilizes weak supervision signals extracted from nontargeted systematic biopsies with regional localization to improve overall performance. Our key innovation is performing regression by distribution rather than simply by value, enabling use of additional pathology findings traditionally ignored by deep learning strategies. We evaluated our model on a dataset of 973 (testing n=160) multi-parametric prostate MRI exams collected at UCSF from 2015-2018 followed by MRI/ultrasound fusion (targeted) biopsy and systematic (nontargeted) biopsy of the prostate gland, demonstrating that deep networks trained with mixed supervision of histopathology can significantly exceed the performance of the Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) clinical standard for prostate MRI interpretation.

独立组件分析是一种无监督的学习方法，用于从多元信号或数据矩阵计算独立组件（IC）。基于权重矩阵与多元数据矩阵的乘法进行评估。这项研究提出了一个新型的Memristor横杆阵列，用于实施ACY ICA和快速ICA，以用于盲源分离。数据输入以脉冲宽度调制电压的形式应用于横梁阵列，并且已实现的神经网络的重量存储在Memristor中。来自Memristor列的输出电荷用于计算重量更新，该重量更新是通过电压高于Memristor SET/RESET电压执行的。为了证明其潜在应用，采用了基于ICA架构的基于ICA架构的拟议的Memristor横杆阵列用于图像源分离问题。实验结果表明，所提出的方法非常有效地分离图像源，并且与常规ACY的基于软件的ACY实施相比，与结构相似性的百分比相比，结构相似性的百分比为67.27％，图像的对比度得到了改进。 ICA和快速ICA算法。

较大的尖峰神经网络（SNN）模型通常是有利的，因为它们可以提供更高的精度。但是，在资源和能源约束的嵌入式平台上采用此类模型效率低下。为此，我们提出了一个Tinysnn框架，该框架优化了在训练和推理阶段中SNN处理的记忆和能量需求，同时保持准确性很高。它是通过减少SNN操作，提高学习质量，量化SNN参数并选择适当的SNN模型来实现的。此外，我们的Tinysnn量化了不同的SNN参数（即权重和神经元参数），以最大程度地提高压缩，同时探索量化方案，精度级别和舍入方案的不同组合，以找到提供可接受准确性的模型。实验结果表明，与基线网络相比，我们的Tinysnn显着降低了不准确损失的SNN的记忆足迹和能量消耗。因此，我们的Tinysnn有效地压缩给定的SNN模型，以记忆和节能的方式获得高精度，从而使SNN能够用于资源和能源受限的嵌入式应用程序。